State Police challenged on phony
regulations on "assault weapons"
With funding from Coalition
of Connecticut Sportsmen, the challenge continues against the Connecticut
Department of Public Safety (DPS) over its latest "interpretation"
of certain terms in the statutory "assault weapons" ban. Attorney
Ralph D. Sherman and Attorney Andrew J. Buzzi Jr., Gunsafe chairman and vice
chairman respectively, are representing the interests of firearms owners and
dealers. Two firearms owners and a licensed dealer have lent their names to
the appeal as parties affected by the regulatory actions of DPS.
The challenge first took the form of a lawsuit in
Litchfield Superior Court. A judge dismissed the lawsuit, saying that the
court did not have jurisdiction until the administrative appeal process had
been tried. This means filing a formal petition directly with the state
agency, DPS, instead of appealing to the court.
Therefore on October 31, 2003, a petition was sent by
courier to the commissioner of DPS. Because DPS has never adopted regulations
specifying a form or format for such a petition, our petition was created as a
letter to the commissioner.
Here is the text of the petition:
October 31, 2003
VIA FEDERAL EXPRESS
Arthur L. Spada
Commissioner
Department of Public Safety
1111 Country Club Road
P.O. Box 2794
Middletown, CT 06457-9294
Re: Regulations relevant to CGS §53-202a
et seq.
Dear Commissioner Spada:
I represent Daniel Patten Sr. of Norfolk, Lawrence DeLuca of Riverton, and
Frank D’Andrea of Stratford. Mr. Patten and Mr. DeLuca are firearms owners;
Mr. D’Andrea is a licensed retailer of firearms. On their behalf, and
pursuant to Connecticut General Statutes §4-174, I am writing to petition the
Department of Public Safety for repeal of certain regulations and the adoption
of certain regulations.
I am requesting the repeal of certain regulations adopted by the Department
that pertain to Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a et seq. By
“regulations” I am referring to the Department’s written and unwritten
policies regarding the meaning and enforcement of §53-202a et seq. with
respect to “Auto-Ordnance Thompson type”; “Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47
type”; and “MAC-10, MAC-11 and MAC-11 Carbine type” firearms. Among the
Department’s written regulations on this subject are an undated flier with
the heading “AK-47 ‘TYPES’” and a form letter dated June 25, 2002,
from CSP Lt. Robert Kiehm to “Connecticut Retail Firearms Dealer.”
For your reference, I have attached a copy of the flier and of Lt. Kiehm’s
letter.
I am requesting the repeal of these regulations because they were adopted by
the Department without following any of the procedures required by the Uniform
Administrative Procedures Act, especially Connecticut General Statutes §§4-168,
168b, 169, 170, and 172, which require public notice, public hearings, and
legislative review.
I am further requesting that the Department adopt regulations relevant to
Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a et seq., with respect to
“Auto-Ordnance Thompson type”; “Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47 type”; and
“MAC-10, MAC-11 and MAC-11 Carbine type” firearms, and that the Department
adopt such regulations by following the procedures required by the Uniform
Administrative Procedures Act, especially Connecticut General Statutes §§4-168,
168b, 169,
170, and 172, which require public notice, public hearings, and legislative
review.
Of course you are aware that this issue was the subject of a recent action in
Litchfield Superior Court, Patten v. Spada, Docket No. CV-03-0090209-S. The
action was dismissed by the court for the plaintiffs’ alleged failure to
exhaust administrative remedies - that is, failure to file a petition pursuant
to Connecticut General Statutes §4-174. I am filing this petition in response
to the court’s ruling. Because the Department has failed to “prescribe by
regulation the form for petitions,” as required by Connecticut General
Statutes §4-174, I am asking the Department to accept this letter as a
petition. This should be acceptable according to the August 1, 2003, affidavit
of Atty. Dawn Hellier that was filed in the court case. (For your reference, I
have attached a copy of that affidavit.)
Please note that Connecticut General Statutes §4-174 provides that within 30
days after submission of a petition, the agency either shall deny the petition
in writing stating its reasons for the denials or shall initiate
regulation-making proceedings in accordance with §4-168.
Sincerely,
[Attorney] Ralph D. Sherman
Background
The "assault weapons" ban is contained in
Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a, which lists certain firearms by make
and model. Three items in the list are not specific, however; they are "Avtomat
Kalashnikov AK-47 type," "MAC-10, MAC-11 and MAC-11 Carbine
type," and "Auto-Ordnance Thompson type."
For eight years, from the time the ban was made law,
DPS informed dealers and gun owners that if a firearm did not bear the legend,
"AK-47," then it was not banned. DPS made similar statements about
the other two "types" banned by the statute.
But in 2002, DPS changed its position and started
issuing letters and fliers stating that "AK-47 type" includes
thousands of guns that were sold after the ban - with DPS approval. According
to one flier, an "AK-47 type" is any firearm that uses the same
ammunition, the same interchangeable parts, and the same operating system as
an AK-47.
This action by DPS suddenly turned thousands of
previously "legal" guns into "banned" guns that must be
registered, surrendered, or made permanently inoperable. Under Connecticut
law, this action was equal to the adoption of regulations—regulations that
are illegal because they were adopted without following any of the procedures
required by state statutes.
******
Message From: "Ralph D. Sherman" <atty@ralphdsherman.com>
Sent: Tuesday, September 23, 2003 2:16 PM
Subject: AK-47 case [bracked info added by CCS, we'll flesh this out as
more detail is available]
FYI - The judge's decision arrived in today's mail. The state's motion
to dismiss was granted. This isn't all bad. If we had won, we
might have proceeded with a lengthy court case in the trial court, only to
have the state win an appeal later on the same basis as the motion to dismiss.
Although the decision seems unfavorable on its face, in the long run it may be
beneficial. One of our goals was to get this thing into the process of
regulatory hearings anyway. Now Andy [Buzzi] and I need to draft a
"petition" to DPS to request that the phony regulations ['policy' or
'interpretation' amounts to regulations] be repealed and that the proper
procedure be followed for enacting regulations. [see http://www.gunsafe.org/ak-47.htm
] DPS will have to follow the strict deadlines and procedures for hearings,
etc., established by the statutes on regulations; because of this court
decision, DPS will have no "wiggle room" in the petition process.
We hope to put something together in the next 10 days.
*****
"Assault
Weapons" suit against Department of Public Safety (CCS Funded)
- Comments
in Brackets ours. See Valley Firearms letter below.
- Gunsafe/Attny
Ralph Sherman comment: In fact the suit seeks to void regulations that
DPS has enacted without following the correct procedure -
publication, public hearing, review by the legislature. Anyone
who has asked DPS for clarification of the term "AK-47 type"
knows what this is about.
- [This applies
to Regulations concerning the '02 AW act that should provide gunowners
clarification on what "TYPE" firearms are required to be
registered by Oct. 1. Effectively there are NO valid regulations]
Owners
file suit to void gun ban
Enforcement
tops concerns on rules
By KEN DIXON dixon.connpost@snet.net
Gun owners and dealers have filed a lawsuit in state Superior Court in an
attempt to overturn part of the state's landmark 1993 legislation banning
assault-type weapons.
The plaintiffs, among them a longtime Stratford gun
dealer, claim that the Department of Public Safety is unable to administer the
regulations in a uniform manner.
The suit charges two other plaintiffs purchased
identical weapons, but when they attempted to register them on successive days
with State Police in Canaan last summer, one rifle was seized, while the other
owner was allowed to keep his.
The case was filed Thursday in state Superior Court in
Litchfield, the site of the failed 1994 attempt to overturn the state's
controversial restrictions on so-called assault weapons.
Ralph D. Sherman, a West Hartford lawyer, said Friday
that the suit asks the court to declare the regulations void and order DPS
Commissioner Arthur L. Spada to neither enforce them nor arrest anyone for
possessing weapons previously deemed illegal.
The suit also requests the termination of a DPS database
on such weaponry.
"They are phony regulations," said Sherman,
who is the chairman of Gunsafe, an organization of Connecticut firearm owners.
"The Department of Public Safety has changed its mind several times on what
these regulations are supposed to be. It's a major challenge to an
administrative agency that's not following correct procedure."
Sherman charged that the DPS might now say that
thousands of weapons purchased legally since 1993 may now be illegal.
The plaintiffs include Daniel Patten Sr. of upstate
Norfolk, Lawrence DeLuca of nearby Barkhamsted and Frank D'Andrea, owner of
D'Andrea's Gun Case, on Barnum Avenue in Stratford. Sherman's co-counsel is
Andrew J. Buzzi Jr. of Danbury.
The lawsuit claims that Patten received a letter from
the DPS telling him to register his Hungarian AKM target rifle. On Aug. 6, he
went to the Troop B Barracks in Canaan and was told that since he purchased it
back in the 1980s they would have to seize it.
The next day, DeLuca brought his Hungarian AKM, with a
serial number nearly identical to that of Patten's weapon, to the barracks and
was given a certificate of possession, Sherman said.
Attorney General Richard Blumenthal and Rep. Michael P.
Lawlor, D-East Haven, a chief legislative proponent of gun control, on Friday
defended the state's assault-weapons ban.
Blumenthal said the state Supreme Court has upheld the
1993 law.
Lawlor said if there's a problem in registration
procedures, the General Assembly can revisit the ban.
Last year, a law was passed to allow owners of legally
purchased weapons, including Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47 type, MAC-10, MAC-11 and
others until Oct. 1, 2003, to apply for a state certificate to possess their
weapons if they were purchased between October 1993 and May of last year.
It is a Class D felony, punishable by five years in
prison and $5,000 fines, to illegally possess the assault-type weapons.
Robert Crook, president of the Coalition of Connecticut
Sportsmen, a plaintiff in the 1994 appeal, said Friday that as the Oct. 1
deadline approaches, more and more rifle owners are baffled by the state's
rules.
"The court case is needed because, based upon the
state police policy, or whatever their interpretation is, nobody knows what guns
they have to register," said Crook, whose group is providing financial
support for the new court challenge.
Lawlor, co-chairman of the Legislature's Judiciary
Committee that drew up the regulatory language, said that even if a state
trooper in the field made a mistake, the legislation itself might not be flawed.
"Apparently it's a misunderstanding on the part of
at least one state trooper about what the law is," Lawlor said in a phone
interview. "I don't necessarily think the regulations are the
problem."
Lawlor recalled that Crook and the National Rifle
Association took part in drafting last year's legislation and supported it when
it came to a vote last spring.
Blumenthal said Friday he had not yet read the lawsuit,
but the state's assault weapon ban has been upheld by Connecticut's highest
court.
Blumenthal said that in past challenges to the 1993 law
claims were made that the regulations were too vague to permit consistent
enforcement and were rejected. "If the criticism is the law should be
enforced more rigorously, we could certainly sit down and discuss that," he
said.
D'Andrea said the Department of Public Safety seems
confused with the regulations. "It seems like nobody really knows what's
going on," he said of the reception state troopers give gun owners.
"Whoever's in charge at one point sees it one way and someone else the next
day sees it another way."
Another apparent problem is the DPS' inability to get
the rules out to all gun dealers and enthusiasts.
"We can't go by what we think," said D'Andrea,
who's been in the gun business for 32 years and was a plaintiff in the
unsuccessful 1994 attempt to overturn the weapons ban.
Lawlor said the gun lobby makes it a struggle to enact
gun-control legislation. "I wish we could regulate guns as easily as we
regulate toys," he said. "We can keep unsafe toys off the market, but
we can't keep unsafe guns off the market."
http://www.connpost.com/Stories/0,1413,96%7E3750%7E1336749,00.html
----- Original Message
-----
Sent: Saturday,
April 19, 2003 11:51 AM
Subject: Gun Ban
Article 4/19/03
My name is Richard
Millo, I am the owner of Valley Firearms in Shelton, CT.
I am writing in regard to the article in the April 19, 2003, Connecticut Post
entitled "Owners file suit to avoid gun ban."
First of all, banning the ownership of certain firearms because they look
"menacing" is absolutely ridiculous, and is a direct infringement on
our constitutional rights, but unfortunately that is what the Connecticut
assault weapons ban intends to do.
Anyone with any firearm knowledge knows that less than 1% of the crimes
committed in the US with a firearm are done so with a firearm the state of
Connecticut calls an "assault weapon."
Connecticut is one of only a handful of states that has an Assault Weapons Ban,
meaning, in the majority of the United States, the same guns that the law makers
in Connecticut forbids residents to own, can be legally purchased and legally
owned by residents of the majority of the United States. Sounds like
blatant geographical discrimination to me. I live in Connecticut so I
can't own a Colt AR-15, but if I live in New Hampshire I can? What's wrong
with that picture?
Why is it in Connecticut (the Constitution State) we can't own these guns, but
in Florida, New Hampshire, Maine, and the majority of the US, residents can
legally own the very same guns we are forbidden to own?
I will explain the reason that there is no need to ban any type of weapons in
this state or any other state. It is called NICS, (National Instant Check
System).
NICS is the National Instant Check System. Every time a gun buyer in the
US wishes to purchase a firearm from a gun shop, the clerk is required by
federal law to do an "instant check" (NICS). In Connecticut,
this requires the salesperson to pick up the phone, and call the Department of
Public Safety Firearms Unit. By doing the NICS check, the clerk in the gun
shop gets an instant approval or denial to sell the gun to the potential buyer
from the state police.
If a buyer has any violence related misdemeanors, drug related misdemeanors, or
any felony convictions, they are denied the purchase of the firearm.
Period.
The NICS system is in place, and it works. Criminals simply cannot go into
a gun shop and purchase any type of firearm.
So, with this in mind, the fact that criminals can't go into a gun shop and
purchase any type of weapon, why then, is the state of Connecticut forbidding
law abiding citizens from owning weapons that the state deems "too
deadly" or "too menacing"? We know that only law abiding
citizens can walk into a gun shop and legally purchase a gun. Why then is
the state telling people who they know aren't breaking the law with the guns
they are purchasing, what they can and cannot buy?
The Connecticut Assault Weapons ban has so many questions and problems, that
even the law enforcement officials in the state do not know how to decipher the
language. The law is vague and open to individual interpretation.
Let's take the current lawsuit you wrote about as an example and explain the
situation in greater detail.
The assault weapons ban went into effect in 1994. One of the many firearms
it banned was the "Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47 type." Firearms
dealers were told by the state police, that if the gun did not have "Avtomat
Kalashnikov AK-47" stamped on the gun, we as dealers were able to sell
them. What this meant is we were able to sell any AK-47 type firearm that
was not produced by Avtomat Kalashnikov, we referred to these guns as AK clones.
All that changed in May of 2002. In May of 2002, the state police
"reinterpreted" the assault weapons ban, the language of the law was
not changed, just "reinterpreted." Dealers were told that we were now
forbidden to sell any AK-47 type weapons, regardless of manufacturer, the very
same weapons they were allowing us to sell since 1994.
As a gun store owner, I had to take all of my inventory of these guns, and at my
expense, send them back to the wholesalers from which I received them. I
had to pay to ship them back, and I had to pay the restocking fees. This
was quite an expense to my business, all because the state police reinterpreted
the existing assault weapons ban, the law wasn't changed, just look at a
different way.
In 2003, all this changed yet again. On February 20, 2003, I received a
letter from the Department of Public Safety, Firearms Unit, reinterpreting the
law once again.
The letter states that the assault weapons ban had yet again been reviewed, and
was being reinterpreted again. The state is now allowing us to sell all
AK-47 copies, provided they are not chambered in the original Avtomat
Kalashnikov caliber of 7.62X39. So the very same weapons the state
prohibit us from selling in May 2002, we are now told we can sell again.
Who knows for how long, and who knows when they may change their mind again and
require me to remove all of these guns from my premises....again.
Sound confusing? That's the point. It is confusing. Dealers
don't know from one month to the next what guns we can legally sell to
Connecticut residents. Most dealers I know, work very hard to run a
legitimate, organized businesses. We are constantly scrutinized by both
state inspectors, and federal inspectors from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms (BATF). We want to obey the law to the exact letter. But
you can see the confusion and frustration we have to deal with day in and day
out.
Keep in mind, again, that all this is being done to ban guns that are legal in
90% of the United States, and also keep in mind, that this law is intended to
keep guns out of the hands of law abiding citizens. Criminals can't come
into my gun store and buy a gun, the NICS system prevents that from happening.
So I have to ask again, why is the state of Connecticut banning guns from law
abiding citizens, citizens they know aren't breaking the law with the guns they
are legitimately buying from gun stores?
One word answers that question....control. Gun control isn't about guns,
it's about control. And it's about time it stops.
Richard J. Millo Jr.
Owner
Valley Firearms
Shelton, CT
"AW"
"TYPE" Court Case:
- RETURN
DATE:
-
- MAY
6, 2003
-
- DANIEL
S. PATTEN SR., LAWRENCE A. DELUCA, and
- FRANK
D ' ANDREA
-
- v.
-
- ARTHUR
L. SPADA, COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC SAFETY
-
-
- SUPERIOR
COURT
- J.D.
OF LITCHFIELD
- AT
LITCHFIELD
-
- APRIL
9, 2003
-
- COMPLAINT
-
- First
Count
-
- 1.
At all times relevant herein, the Defendant was the Commissioner of the
Connecticut Department of Public Safety and is a party to this action by
virtue of said office.
-
- 2.
The Department of Public Safety is a state administrative agency.
-
- 3.
The Department of Public Safety is subject to the provisions of the Uniform
Administrative Procedure Act (hereinafter "UAPA"), Connecticut
General Statutes §4-166 et seq.
-
- 4.
The UAPA, §4-166(13), provides that the term "regulation"
means "each agency statement of
general applicability, without regard to its designation, that implements,
interprets, or prescribes law or policy, or describes the organization,
procedure, or practice requirements
of any agency. The term includes the amendment or
repeal of a prior regulation, but does not include (A) statements concerning
only the internal management of any agency and not affecting private rights
or procedures available to the public, (B)
declaratory rulings issued under the
color of section 4-176 or (C) intra-agency or interagency memoranda
[.]. A copy of §4-166(13) is
attached hereto as Exhibit A.
-
- 5.
The UAPA,
§§4-168,
168b, 169, 170, and 172 prescribes a
statutory method for the adoption, amendment,
or repeal of any regulation. A copy
of these sections is attached hereto as Exhibit B
-
- 6.
At all times relevant to venue of this action Plaintiff Patten was a
resident of Norfolk, Connecticut.
-
- 7.
On or about March 27, 1987,
Plaintiff
Patten purchased a rifle known as a
Hungarian AKM, with the serial number SL-O3241, in
a caliber known as
"7.62 x 39,” from Meriden Gun
Shop in Meriden, Connecticut. A
photocopy of the sales slip is
attached hereto as Exhibit C.
-
- 8.
under the color of Connecticut
General Statutes §29-37a,
immediately after the rifle was
purchased, the
transaction was reported, in
writing, to the Department of Public
Safety, on a form prescribed by the Department of Public Safety, with
details including Plaintiff Patten’s name and address and the make, model
number and
serial number of the
rifle. A copy of §29-37a is attached
hereto as Exhibit D.
-
- 9.
In
1993, the General Assembly passed Public Act 93-306.
A copy of the Public Act is attached hereto as Exhibit
E.
-
- 10.
Public Act 93-306 was codified as Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a et
seq. A copy of this portion of the statutes is attached hereto as Exhibit F.
-
- 11.
Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a lists certain firearms
by name.
-
- 12.
Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a lists other firearms by
"type," as follows: “Auto-Ordnance Thompson type";
"Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47
type"; and "MAC-10, MAC-11 and
MAC-11 Carbine type."
-
- 13.
The Public Act and ensuing statutes banned the sale of the listed firearms
after October 1, 1993.
-
- 14.
The Public Act and ensuing statutes banned the possession of the listed
firearms after July 1, 1994, except for persons who already possessed such
firearms prior to October
1, 1993, and who, before July 1, 1994, obtained from the
Department of Public Safety a certificate of registration for each such
firearm.
-
- 15.
Plaintiff Patten's rifle, the
Hungarian AKM, is not listed by name in the Public Act or in Connecticut
General Statutes
§53-202a.
-
- 16.
At all times relevant herein, the Defendant's statutory duties pertaining to
firearms sales and registration of firearms were performed by the Department
of Public
Safety special Licensing and Firearms unit (hereinafter, SLFU).
-
- 17.
The SLFU is a section within the
Department of Public
Safety.
-
- 18.
At all times relevant herein, the
SLFU possessed a written
and/or computer record showing that plaintiff Patten had
purchased the Hungarian AKM rifle.
-
- 19.
At all times relevant herein, the SLFU's records contained no indication
that plaintiff Patten had sold or otherwise transferred the Hungarian AKM
rifle to any other party.
-
- 20.
After passage of public Act 93-306, and until the year
2002, the SLFU did nothing to notify
plaintiff Patten that his Hungarian AKM rifle was contraband or was required
to be registered.
-
- 21.
For about eight years, between passage of public Act 93-306
and the year 2002 the SLFU advised the general public and licensed dealers
of firearms that Hungarian AKM rifles were not specified in Connecticut
General Statutes §53-202a by name or by "type" and that such
rifles were therefore legal to sell and to possess without registration.
-
- 22. The SLFU communicated this information to the
general public when members of the general public contacted the SLFU to ask
whether it would be lawful to purchase and/or possess a Hungarian AKM rifle.
-
- 23.
The SLFU communicated this information to licensed dealers of firearms at
seminars conducted by the SLFU on the subject of compliance with Connecticut
firearms laws.
-
- 24.
At the seminars, the SLFU instructed licensed dealers that for a firearm to
qualify as a banned "Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47 type," as listed in
Connecticut General Statutes
§53-202a, the firearm itself must
bear the inscription
"AK-47
on its
exterior in the same manner as a firearm's serial number is borne on a
firearm's exterior.
-
- 25.
At the seminars, the SLFU instructed licensed dealers that firearms that did
not bear the inscription "AK-47"
did not qualify as "Avtomat
Kalashnikov AK-47 type" firearms and were therefore lawful to be sold
and to be possessed without registration
-
- 26.
After the passage of Public Act
93-306 and before July
1,1994 -
i.e., during
the registration period - the SLFU
advised dealers and the general public that Hungarian AKM rifles could not
be registered, because they did not bear the
inscription “AK-47”.
-
- 27.
After the passage of Public Act 93-306, retail sales of rifles continued to
be reported in writing to the under the color of Connecticut General
Statutes §29-37a on
the form prescribed by the Department
of Public Safety.
-
- 28.
Between October 1, 1993, and the year 2002, when
the SLFU received a written report of the sale of a rifle identified in the
report as bearing the inscription “AK-47," the SLFU investigated
and/or stopped the sale because the sale appeared to involve a banned
firearm.
-
- 29.
Between October 1, 1993, and
the year 2002, when the SLFU received
a written report of the sale of a rifle identified
in the report as an "AKM" or
"Hungarian AKM," the
SLFU merely recorded the transaction, thereby indicating the SLFU's approval
of the sale as one that did not involve a banned
firearm.
-
- 30.
Likewise, between October 1,1993, and the year 2002, the SLFU informed the
general public and licensed dealers that the terms "Auto-Ordnance
Thompson type" and "MAC-10,
MAC-11 and MAC-11 Carbine type," as used
in Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a,
meant only firearms that bore the inscription "Auto-Ordnance
Thompson" or "MAC-10,"
"MAC-11”
or
"MAC-11 Carbine.”
-
- 31.
The Department of Public Safety, through
the SLFU, by interpreting the
statutory terms "Auto-Ordnance Thompson type,
"Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47 type," and "MAC-10, MAC-11
and MAC-11 Carbine type," by
communicating the interpretation to the general public and to licensed
dealers, and
by applying the interpretation
generally to the SLFU's procedures,
adopted a regulation.
-
- 32.
The regulation was adopted by the Department of Public Safety without
following any of the procedures required by the UAPA, including public
notice, public hearings, and legislative review.
-
- Second
Count
-
- 1-30.
Paragraphs 1 through 30 of the First Count are incorporated herein by
reference
-
- 31.
In 2002 the General Assembly passed Public Act 02-120.
A copy of the Public Act is attached
hereto as Exhibit G
-
- 32.
Public Act 02-120, §3, provides that any person who purchased a
"specified assault weapon" after October 1, 1993, and
before May 8, 2002, may retain the
firearm if he or she registers it with the Department of Public Safety
before October
1, 2003.
-
- 33.
Public Act 02-120, §3, provides that
the term "specified assault weapon" means any of the following firearms:
"Auto-Ordnance
Thompson type, Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47
type, or
MAC-10, MAC-11 and MAC-11 Carbine type.”
-
- 34.
In 2002, after passage of Public Act
02-120, the
SLFU issued
a flier with the headline "AK-47
TYPES.“ A
copy of the flier is attached hereto
as Exhibit H.
-
- 35.
The flier states that any firearm that "look[s]
like an
AK-47, MAC,
- or
Thompson,” that "work[s] like an AK-47, MAC,
or Thompson," and can "swap
parts with
an AK-47,
MAC, or Thompson,"
is therefore an "Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47 type,” "MAC-10,
MAC-11
and MAC-11 Carbine type,” or “
Auto-Ordnance
Thompson type," and must be
registered with the SLFU under Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a.
-
- 36.
The flier states that "failure
to obtain a certificate of possession
could result in the seizure and destruction
of your AK-47 "type" firearm."
-
- 37.
On or about June 25, 2002, Lt.
Robert Kiehm, commanding officer of
the SLFU, issued a letter to all Connecticut firearms dealers. A copy of the
letter is attached hereto as Exhibit I.
-
- 39.
The letter sets forth the SLFU's latest interpretation of the terms
"Auto-Ordnance Thompson type,” "Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47
type," and "MAC-10, MAC-11 and MAC-11 Carbine type," as
used in Connecticut General Statutes
§53-202a.
-
- 40.
Under
this new interpretation by the SLFU, thousands of
firearms that were sold with the SLFU's approval, after
the 1993 ban, are deemed contraband
by the SLFU.
-
- 41.
The Department of Public Safety, through the SLFU, by issuing the
interpretation of law contained in the flier and in the letter dated June
25, 2002,
and by applying the interpretation
generally to the SLFU's procedures, adopted and/or
amended and/or repealed a regulation.
-
- 42.
The regulation was adopted and/or amended and/or repealed by the Department
of Public Safety without following any of the procedures required by the
UAPA, including public notice, public hearings, and legislative review.
-
- Third
Count
-
- 1-30.
Paragraphs 1 through 30 of the First
Count are incorporated herein by reference.
-
- 31-40.
Paragraphs 31 through 40 of the Second Count are incorporated
herein by reference.
-
- 41.
Some time in July 2002, Plaintiff Patten received a copy of Kiehm's letter
dated June 25, 2002.
-
- 42.
On August 5, 2002, Plaintiff Patten responded by bringing his Hungarian AKM
rifle to the State Police barracks in Canaan because he believed the rifle
was not banned under the statute.
-
- 43.
At the barracks, State Police officers advised Patten
the rifle was contraband and could not be registered.
-
- 44.
The officers confiscated the rifle and refused to return it.
-
- 45.
State Police are part of the Defendant's Department of Public Safety.
-
- 46.
The Department of Public Safety, through the State Police officers, by
declaring Plaintiff Patten's rifle contraband
and confiscating it, adopted and/or amended and/or repealed
and/or enforced a regulation.
-
- 47.
The regulation was adopted and/or amended and/or repealed by the Department
of Public Safety without following any of the procedures required by the
UAPA, including public notice, public hearings, and legislative review
-
- Fourth
Count
-
- 1-30.
Paragraphs 1 through 30 of the First Count are incorporated herein by
reference.
-
- 31-40.
Paragraphs 31 through 40 of the Second Count are incorporated herein by
reference
-
- 41-45.
Paragraphs 41 through 45 of the Third Count are incorporated herein by
reference
-
- 46.
At all times relevant to venue
of this action, Plaintiff DeLuca was a resident of Riverton, Connecticut.
-
- 47.
On or about March 25, 1987, Plaintiff DeLuca purchased another rifle known
as a Hungarian AKM, with the serial number SL-O3243 in
a caliber known as "7.62 x 39,” from
Meriden Gun Shop in Meriden, Connecticut. A photocopy of the sales slip is
attached hereto as Exhibit J.
-
- 48.
Plaintiff DeLuca purchased his rifle two days before Plaintiff Patten
purchased his Plaintiff DeLuca's rifle was in all respects
- identical
to Plaintiff Patten's rifle, except
that DeLuca's rifle bore a serial
number just two units greater than the serial number of Plaintiff Patten's
rifle.
-
- 50.
under the color of Connecticut
General Statutes §29-37a,
immediately after the rifle was
purchased, the
transaction
was reported, in writing, to the Department of Public
Safety, on a form prescribed by the Department of Public
Safety, with details including
Plaintiff DeLuca's name and address and the make, model number, and serial
number of the
rifle.
-
- 51.
At all times relevant herein, the SLFU possessed a written
and/or computer record showing that Plaintiff DeLuca had
purchased the Hungarian AKM rifle.
-
- 52.
At all times relevant herein, the
SLFU's records contained no
indication that Plaintiff DeLuca had sold or otherwise transferred the
Hungarian AKM rifle.
-
- 53.
After passage of Public Act 93-306, and until the year
2002, the SLFU did nothing to notify
Plaintiff DeLuca that his Hungarian AKM rifle was contraband or was required
to be registered.
-
- 54.
On August 6, 2002, the very next day
after Plaintiff Patten brought his rifle to the Canaan barracks of the State
Police, Plaintiff DeLuca also brought his rifle to the Canaan barracks.
-
- 55.
At the barracks, State Police officers advised Plaintiff DeLuca "the
law is in limbo" and that he could not register the firearm.
-
- 56.
The officers allowed Plaintiff DeLuca
to keep his rifle and return home with it.
-
- 57.
The Department of Public Safety, through the State Police officers, by
informing Plaintiff DeLuca that he could not register his rifle, and by
allowing him to keep the rifle,
adopted and/or amended and/or repealed and/or enforced a regulation.
-
- 58.
The regulation was adopted and/or
amended and/or repealed by the Department of Public Safety without following
any of the procedures required by the UAPA, including public notice,
public hearings, and legislative
review.
-
- Fifth
Count
-
- 1-5.
Paragraphs 1 through 5 of the First
Count are incorporated herein by reference.
-
- 6.
At all times relevant herein,
Plaintiff D'Andrea was a licensed firearms dealer doing business as
D'Andrea's Gun Case in Stratford, Connecticut.
-
- 7.
In 1993, the General Assembly passed
Public Act 93-306. A copy of the Public Act is attached hereto as Exhibit
B.
-
- 8.
Public Act 93-306 was codified as Connecticut General Statutes
§53-202a et seq. A copy of this portion of the statutes
is attached hereto as Exhibit C.
-
- 9.
Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a lists certain firearms by name.
-
- 10.
Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a
lists other firearms
by "type," as follows: "Auto-Ordnance Thompson type”;
"Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47
type";
and "MAC-10, MAC-11 and MAC-11
Carbine type,"
-
- 11.
The Public Act and ensuing statutes
banned the sale of the listed firearms after October 1, 1993.
-
- 12.
The Public Act and ensuing statutes
banned the possession of the listed firearms after July 1, 1994,
except for persons who already
possessed such firearms prior to October
1, 1993, and who, before July 1,
1994, obtained from the
Department of Public Safety a certificate of registration for
each such firearm.
-
- 13.
At all times relevant herein, the Defendant's statutory duties pertaining to
firearms sales and registration of firearms were performed by the Department
of Public
Safety Special Licensing and Firearms Unit (hereinafter,
SLFU.
-
- 14.
The SLFU is a section within the Department of Public
Safety.
-
- 15.
For about eight years, between passage of Public Act 93-306
and the year 2002, the SLFU advised
Plaintiff D'Andrea that Hungarian AKM rifles were not specified in
Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a by name or by "type" and
that such rifles were therefore legal to sell and to possess without
registration.
-
- 16.
The SLFU communicated this
information to Plaintiff D'Andrea by telephone and at seminars conducted by
the SLFU on the subject of compliance with Connecticut firearms laws.
-
- 17.
At the
seminars, the SLFU instructed
licensed dealers that for a firearm to qualify as a banned "Avtomat
Kalashnikov AK-47 type," as listed in Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a,
the firearm itself must bear the inscription
“AK-47"
on its exterior in the same manner as a firearm's serial number is borne on
a firearm's exterior
-
- 18.
At the seminars, the SLFU instructed licensed dealers that firearms that did
not bear the inscription "AK-47
"
did not qualify as "Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47
type" firearms and were
therefore lawful to be sold and to be possessed without registration.
-
- 19.
At the seminars, the SLFU instructed licensed dealers that for a firearm to
qualify as a banned "MAC-10,
MAC-11 and MAC-11 Carbine type,"
as listed in Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a, the firearm itself must
bear the inscription "MAC-10"
or "MAC-11" on its exterior
in the same manner as a serial number is borne on a firearm's exterior.
-
- 20.
At the seminars, the SLFU instructed licensed dealers
that firearms that did not bear the inscription "MAC-10"
or
"MAC-11" did not qualify as "MAC-10,
MAC-11 and MAC-11 Carbine type,"
firearms and were therefore lawful to be sold and to be possessed without
registration.
-
- 21.
In December 2002 and January 2003, Sgt.
Timothy Osika and Det. Joseph Kubish,
both of the SLFU, advised Plaintiff
D'Andrea that the SLFU has changed its interpretation
of Connecticut General Statutes §53-202a.
-
- 22.
Osika and Kubish advised Plaintiff
D'Andrea that under the SLFU's new interpretation, many additional firearms that
did not bear the inscriptions "AK-47,
II
"MAC-10," or "MAC-11"
are now
considered contraband, based on their physical
appearance and other characteristics.
-
- 23.
Osika and Kubish advised Plaintiff D'Andrea that under the SLFU's new
interpretation, firearms
known as the Hungarian AKM, the
Cobray M-11, and Leinad M-11 are now considered contraband and may not be
sold by Plaintiff D'Andrea in his shop.
-
- 24.
The Department of Public Safety, through the SLFU, by interpreting the
statutory terms "Auto-Ordnance Thompson type,” “Avtomat
Kalashnikov
AK-47 type,”
and "MAC-10, MAC-11 and MAC-11
Carbine type," by communicating the interpretation to Plaintiff
D'Andrea, and by applying the interpretation generally to the SLFU's
procedures, adopted a regulation.
-
- 26.
The regulation was adopted by the Department of Public
Safety without following any of the procedures required by the UAPA,
including public notice, public hearings,
and legislative review.
-
-
-
- THEREFORE,
-
- the
Plaintiffs claim:
-
-
- 1.
A declaratory judgment that the aforementioned regulations
enacted by the Department of Public Safety under color of Connecticut
General Statutes §53-202a and Public 02-120 but without following the
procedures required by the UAPA are illegal.
-
- 2.
A permanent injunction ordering the Defendant to refrain from all further
enforcement, promulgation, and publication of said regulations.
-
- 3.
A permanent injunction ordering the Defendant to refrain from arresting any
persons for alleged violation of said
regulations
-
- 4.
An order to the Defendant to destroy any registry or registration
database created under the color of said regulations.
-
- 5.
Such other relief as the Court may deem proper.
-
- THE
PLAINTIFFS
-
- By
/s/
-
- Ralph D. Sherman, Esq. 1001 Farmington Avenue Suite
300
- West
Hartford, CT 06107 (860) 561-0695
- Juris
No. 405619
- RETURN
DATE:
-
- MAY
6
-
- DANIEL
S.PATTEN SR., LAWRENCE A.DELUCA, and
- FRANK
D'ANDREA
-
- v.
-
- ARTHUR
L. SPADA, COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC SAFETY
-
-
- SUPERIOR
COURT
- J.D.
OF LITCHFIELD
- AT
LITCHFIELD
- APRIL
9, 2003
-
-
- STATEMENT
OF AMOUNT IN DEMAND
-
- The
Plaintiffs claim relief other than money damages.
-
-
- THE
PLAINTIFFS
-
- By.
/s/
-
- Ralph
D. Sherman, Esq. 1001 Farmington Avenue Suite 300
- West
Hartford, CT 06107 (860) 561-0695
- Juris
No. 405619
-
-
- Exhibit H
- AK-47
“TYPES”
- ARE ILLEGAL TO POSSESS IN CONNECTICUT
-
-
- THE
1993 ASSAULT WEAPON BAN C.G.S. 53-202A DEEMS ALL AVTOMAT KALASHNIKOV AK-47,
MAC 10, 11, 11 CARBINE AND AUTO- ORDNANCE THOMPSON "TYPE" FIREARMS
CONTRABAND UNLESS REGISTERED WITH THE STATE.
-
- THE
USE OF THE WORD "TYPE" IN THIS STATUTE IS
INTENTIONAL DUE
TO THE OVERWHELMING NUMBER OF LOOK-A-LIKE'S BEING PRODUCED AND SOLD UNDER
OTHER NAMES.
-
- A
THREFOLD CRITERIA TO HELP DETERMINE IF YOUR SEMI- AUTOMATIC FIREARM IS
CONSIDERED ONE OF THESE “TYPES”:
-
- 1.
PHYSICAL
APPEAR.l1NCE.
-
DOES YOUR FIREARM LOOK LIKE AN AK-47,
MAC OR
THOMPSON?
-
- 2.
FUNCTI0NALITY.
-
DOES YOUR FIREARM WORK LIKE AN AK-47,
MAC OR THOMPSON?
-
- 3.
INTERCHANGEABLE
PARTS.
-
CAN YOUR FIREARM SWAP PARTS WITH AN AK-47, MAC OR THOMPSON?
-
- IF
YOU ANSWERED “YES" TO ALL THREE OF THESE QUESTIONS AND YOU CAN PROVE
YOU PURCHASED THIS FIREARM BETWEEN OCTOBER 1, 1993 AND MAY 8, 2002 YOU MUST
CONTACT THE SPECIAL LICENSING AND FIREARMS UNIT (860-688-8160) TO RECEIVE A
CERTIFICATE OP POSSESSION ALLOWING YOU TO KEEP THE FIREARM WITHOUT RISK OF PENALTY.
-
- APPLICATIONS FOR
CERTIFICATES WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED AFTER
- OCTOBER
1, 2003!
-
- FAILURE
TO
OBTAIN A CERTIFICATE OF
POSSESSION COULD
RESULT
IN THE SEIZURE AND DESTRUCTION OF YOUR AK-47 "TYPE” FIREARM.
-
-
- Exhibit I
-
- June
25, 2002
- To:
Connecticut
Retail Firearms Dealer
- Subject:
Connecticut Assault Weapon Ban, C.G.S. sec. 53-202a through 53-202j
-
-
- Dear
Dealer:
-
- The
purpose of this letter is to provide information and guidance on the word
"type" in the Connecticut Assault Weapon Ban, Connecticut General
Statutes, section 53-2028, (Specifically, Auto-Ordinance Thompson type,
Avtomat Kalashnikov AK-47 type, and MAC-1O, MAC-11 and MAC 11 Carbine type
firearms)
-
- The
Connecticut Assault Weapon Ban was first enacted into law and took effect on
October 1, 1993. In July 1995, the State Supreme Court upheld the use of the
term "type” to define a category of banned weapons in Benjamin
v. Bailey. 234 Conn. 455 (1995).
-
- Over
recent years, the Special Licensing and Firearms Unit has witnessed a.
significant increase in the number of weapons falling into the "type"
classification described above being imported into the state by dealers and
sold to citizens. These weapons are banned and their importation and sale is
illegal.
-
- The
following criteria will be utilized to define "type" and
administer the assault weapon ban. The presence of all three criteria will
result in a determination that the weapon is one of the banned types. Other
factors that may also be considered include industry trade manuals and
publications and other expert sources that lend guidance and direction in
defining the word "type".
-
- 1.
Physical Appearance of the Firearm: Does the firearm resemble the
make and model of the firearm being defined (i.e.- Avtomat Kalishnokov
AK-47, Auto-Ordinance Thompson or MAC-10, MAC-11 or MAC-11 Carbine)?
Emphasis is placed on the receiver as the configuration (stock, fore-grips,
sights. etc) on the genuine gun may vary. The firearm must be substantially
similar in appearance. It does not have to be identical.
-
- 2.
Functionality of the Firearm: Does the firearm operate on the same
mechanical principal and functional design (i.e. gas operated recoil with
same bolt design and configuration)?
-
- 3.
Interchangeability of Parts: Can the major components of the firearm be
exchanged from one gun to another? Such components might include magazine,
bolt carrier assembly, recoil spring assembly, barrel assembly, stocks, etc.
-
- Some
examples of firearms that have been identified as “type"
utilizing the above standard, include (Avtomat Kalishnikov AK-47 type) the
Egyptian "Maadi", the Chinese “Norinco" and "Poly
Tech", the Romanian SAR-1, the Bulgarian "Arsenal", and any
other "clones" or "look a likes" that meet the above
standard. The same standard applies to Auto-Ordinance Thompson type and
MAC-10, MAC-11 and MAC-11 Carbine type firearms. The Auto Ordinance Thompson
type firearms include firearms manufactured by Auto Ordinance Corp, Colt,
Volunteer Enterprises Inc., etc. The "MAC" clones include the
"SWD", "Cobray" and "Ingram" look a likes,
among others.
-
- The
Connecticut legislature recently passed Public Act 02-120 that recognizes
the fact that persons may have purchased these firearms from licensed gun
dealers and other private individuals believing them to be lawful and
legally possessed. The Public Act allows persons to notify the state police
and obtain a certificate of possession if they purchased the firearm between
October I, 1993, when the ban was first passed and May 8, 2002. The
notification must be submitted by October 1, 2003 and a certificate of
possession issued. The firearm can then be legally possessed in accordance
with all other provisions of the assault weapon statute. A dealer can only
receive and posses an assault weapon that has been issued a certificate of
possession.
-
- All
firearm dealers are immediately put on notice that these firearms are banned
and that the continued sale and/or possession of these firearms are
prohibited. Any dealer that has these firearms in their possession is
instructed to arrange the immediate transfer of the firearms out of stare or
their surrender to law enforcement authorities. It is anticipated that the
Special Licensing and Firearms Unit in conjunction with the Statewide
Firearms Trafficking Task Force will be conducting inspections of firearm
dealerships to insure compliance with these provisions.
-
- If
you have any questions concerning the above standards, you may contact the
Special License and Firearms Unit at (860) ~85-8160.
-
- /S/
- Lieutenant
Robert Kiehm Commanding Officer
-
- Disclaimer:
While
this information is designed to provide guidance, it is not to be construed
as offering a legal opinion. If legal advice or other expert assistance is
required, the services of a competent attorney or other professional should
be sought.